Refraction and clinical opties / Aran Safir

Physical optics -- Geometric optics -- The human eye as an optical system -- Biology of the eyes as an optical system -- Biology of the eye as an optical system -- Correction of ametropic with spectacle lenses -- Retinoscopy -- The cross cylinder -- Subjective refraction: fogging and use of astigmatic dial -- Cyclopedic refraction -- Prescribing multifocal lenses -- Aniseikonia -- Aspheric lenses -- Spectacle lenses -- Fresnel optics -- Correction with hard contact lenses -- Fitting soft lenses -- Nonreactive uses of soft contact lenses -- Lensmeters -- The slit lamp: history, principles, and practice -- The keratoderma -- The fundus camera -- The optics of gonioscopy -- Principles of ophthalmoscopy -- Laser devices in measuring visual acuity -- Automated clinical refraction -- The optics of intraocular lenses.